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===============
Troubleshooting
===============
This page contains some advice about errors and problems commonly encountered
during the development of Django applications.
.. _troubleshooting-django-admin:
Problems running django-admin
=============================
"command not found: django-admin"
------------------------------------
:doc:`django-admin </ref/django-admin>` should be on your system path if you
installed Django via ``python setup.py``. If it's not on your path, you can
find it in ``site-packages/django/bin``, where ``site-packages`` is a directory
within your Python installation. Consider symlinking to :doc:`django-admin
</ref/django-admin>` from some place on your path, such as
:file:`/usr/local/bin`.
If ``django-admin`` doesn't work but ``django-admin.py`` does, you're probably
using a version of Django that doesn't match the version of this documentation.
``django-admin`` is new in Django 1.7.
Mac OS X permissions
--------------------
If you're using Mac OS X, you may see the message "permission denied" when
you try to run ``django-admin``. This is because, on Unix-based systems like
OS X, a file must be marked as "executable" before it can be run as a program.
To do this, open Terminal.app and navigate (using the ``cd`` command) to the
directory where :doc:`django-admin </ref/django-admin>` is installed, then
run the command ``sudo chmod +x django-admin``.
Miscellaneous
=============
I'm getting a ``UnicodeDecodeError``. What am I doing wrong?
------------------------------------------------------------
This class of errors happen when a bytestring containing non-ASCII sequences is
transformed into a Unicode string and the specified encoding is incorrect. The
output generally looks like this::
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x?? in position ?:
ordinal not in range(128)
The resolution mostly depends on the context, however here are two common
pitfalls producing this error:
* Your system locale may be a default ASCII locale, like the "C" locale on
UNIX-like systems (can be checked by the ``locale`` command). If it's the
case, please refer to your system documentation to learn how you can change
this to a UTF-8 locale.
* You created raw bytestrings, which is easy to do on Python 2::
my_string = 'café'
Either use the ``u''`` prefix or even better, add the
``from __future__ import unicode_literals`` line at the top of your file
so that your code will be compatible with Python 3.2 which doesn't support
the ``u''`` prefix.
Related resources:
* :doc:`Unicode in Django </ref/unicode>`
* https://wiki.python.org/moin/UnicodeDecodeError
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